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What Is Concrete Cancer?
Concrete Cancer is a term used to describe the progressive deterioration of concrete caused by the corrosion of the steel reinforcement bars (rebar) inside the concrete. When moisture, oxygen, and often chlorides (such as those found in saltwater) penetrate the concrete surface, they can cause the steel rebar to rust.
As the steel rebar corrodes, it expands in volume, exerting internal pressure that cracks and weakens the surrounding concrete. These cracks then allow more water and air to seep in, accelerating the cycle of damage.
Left untreated, concrete cancer can compromise the structural integrity and safety of the structure. It is a progressive and often irreversible problem that can cause huge safety issues, such as falling concrete, reduced load-bearing capacity, and, in extreme cases, structural failure or the need for a complete rebuild.
What Are The Signs Of Concrete Cancer?
Rust Stains:
Orange or rust-coloured marks seeping from the concrete surface indicate that the steel inside is corroding.
Cracking:
Small to large cracks in the concrete, often appearing near edges, windows, balconies, or joints.
Spalling:
The surface of the concrete is flaking, bubbling, or crumbling away.
Exposed Rebar:
The steel reinforcement bars are becoming visible through the concrete surface and showing signs of corrosion.
Bulging:
An outward or downward bulge in the concrete can be a sign of structural stress developing beneath the surface.
Leaks and Dampness:
Unexplained damp patches or water leaks in walls or overhead concrete structures, suggesting cracks are allowing water to penetrate.
What Causes Concrete Cancer?
Water Penetration:
The presence of moisture is crucial for the rusting process to begin and spread.
Salt Exposure:
Salt, especially in coastal areas, significantly speeds up the corrosion of steel.
Carbonation:
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can reduce the concrete’s pH level, dissolving the protective coating on the steel and allowing it to rust.
Poor Concrete Quality:
Low-quality concrete with high porosity allows water and corrosive agents to penetrate more easily.
Inadequate Concrete Cover:
When reinforcing bars are placed too close to the surface, they are more vulnerable to corrosion.
Poor Workmanship:
Issues during the initial construction, such as improper substrate preparation or poor pouring, can create vulnerabilities.
Lack of Maintenance:
Failing to address minor cracks, leaks, or standing water issues allows damage to progress unchecked.
Why Is It Important To Address Concrete Cancer?
Safety:
Cracking and crumbling concrete can pose a safety risk to building occupants.
Structural Integrity:
Concrete cancer weakens the concrete, reducing its structural integrity and potentially making the building unstable.
Aesthetic Damage:
It significantly damages the appearance of the structure.
Further Deterioration:
Open cracks allow more air, moisture, and chemicals to penetrate, leading to further damage and corrosion, often referred to as concrete cancer.
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